Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as bladder pain syndrome (BPS), is a chronic condition that causes bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes pelvic pain. The pain can range from mild discomfort to severe, and it’s often associated with the need to urinate frequently. Unlike typical urinary tract infections (UTIs), there is no infection in IC, but the symptoms can be similar.
Causes:
The exact cause of interstitial cystitis is unknown, but several factors are believed to contribute to the condition:
- Defects in the bladder lining: This may allow irritants in the urine to cause chronic inflammation.
- Autoimmune disorders: The immune system may attack the bladder.
- Nerve abnormalities: Overactive or misfiring nerves in the bladder may cause pain and urgency.
- Chronic inflammation: Over time, inflammation may damage bladder tissue.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of IC can vary from person to person but typically include:
- Chronic pelvic pain: Often described as pressure, discomfort, or burning pain in the bladder or surrounding pelvic area.
- Frequent urination: Individuals with IC may feel the need to urinate frequently, sometimes up to 60 times a day.
- Urgency to urinate: There may be a persistent, urgent need to urinate even if the bladder is not full.
- Pain during urination: Pain or discomfort may occur as the bladder fills or empties.
- Pain during intercourse: Sexual activity can often be painful for individuals with IC.
